Sqrt.java

/*************************************************************************
 *  Compilation:  javac Sqrt.java
 *  Execution:    java Sqrt c
 *  
 *  Computes the square root of a nonnegative number c using
 *  Newton's method:
 *     - initialize t = c
 *     - replace t with the average of c/t and t
 *     - repeat until desired accuracy reached
 * 
 *  % java Sqrt 2
 *  1.414213562373095
 *
 *  % java Sqrt 1000000
 *  1000.0
 *
 *  % java Sqrt 0.4
 *  0.6324555320336759
 *
 *  % java Sqrt 1048575
 *  1023.9995117186336
 * 
 *  % java Sqrt 16664444
 *  4082.2106756021303
 *
 *  % java Sqrt 0
 *  0.0
 * 
 *  % java Sqrt 1E-50
 *  9.999999999999999E-26
 *
 *
 *  Remarks
 *  ----------
 *   - using Math.abs() is required if c < 1
 *
 *
 *  Known bugs
 *  ----------
 *   - goes into an infinite loop if the input is negative
 *
 *************************************************************************/

public class Sqrt { 
   public static void main(String[] args) { 
      double c = Double.parseDouble(args[0]);
      double t = c;
      double EPSILON = 1E-15;    // relative error tolerance

      while (Math.abs(t - c/t) > t*EPSILON) {
         t = (c/t + t) / 2.0;
      }

      System.out.println(t);
   }

}