The majority of our programs use only a small subset of the features
of the Java language and associated libraries.
By restricting attention to these basic building blocks, we can
focus on learning how to program without being overwhelmed by
the vastness of the Java libraries.
You can get quite far with just a handful of basic operations.


<p>

Primitive numeric types, especially
<tt>int</tt>, <tt>long</tt>, and <tt>double</tt>:
<blockquote><pre>
int long double
+   -   *   /   %   ++   --   >   <>=   <= == !=</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Punctuation:
<blockquote><pre>
{    }   (     )    ,     ;
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Parsing:
<blockquote><pre>
Integer.parseInt()   Long.parseLong()   Double.parseDouble()
</pre></blockquote>


Math library:
<blockquote><pre>
Math.sin()   Math.sin()   Math.log()   Math.exp()   Math.sqrt()   Math.abs()   Math.pow()
Math.min()   Math.max()   Math.PI
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
System:
<blockquote><pre>
System.out.println()   System.out.print()      System.exit()
</pre></blockquote>


Flow control:
<blockquote><pre>
if          for         do
else        while
</pre></blockquote>


<p>
Bit-whacking functions on primitive numeric types:
<blockquote><pre>
<>>   |   &   ^
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
The <tt>boolean</tt> type:
<blockquote><pre>
!   ||   &&   ==   != true   false
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Arrays:
<blockquote><pre>
a[i]         a.length       new
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
The <tt>String</tt> data type:
<blockquote><pre>
String    +        length()
char      ""       compareTo()      charAt()
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
Objects:
<blockquote><pre>
public        private       static       class
toString()    equals()      new          main()
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
IntroCS standard graphics library:
<blockquote><pre>
forward()          spot()          setScale()           Color.blue
rotate()           penUp()         clear()              Color.green          
pause()            penDown()       Color.black          Color.red
go()               setColor()      Color.white          Color.lightGray
</pre></blockquote>

<p>
IntroCS standard text input library:
<blockquote><pre>
readBoolean()   readChar()     readInt()      readDouble()
readString()    readLine()     readAll()      isEmpty()
</pre></blockquote>